What are the effects of overloading an aircraft?

Overloading an aircraft has significant effects on its performance and safety, primarily resulting in a higher stall speed and requiring more engine power. When an aircraft is loaded beyond its maximum weight limit, the wings need to generate more lift to overcome the additional weight. This change results in an increased stall speed, which is the minimum speed at which the aircraft can maintain level flight without stalling.

As the aircraft nears its stall speed, the margin for error decreases, making it more difficult to control the aircraft, especially during critical phases such as takeoff and landing. Consequently, more engine power is needed to maintain performance, particularly during climbs or when maneuverability is required. The added weight increases the workload on the engines, which may necessitate a longer distance to achieve the necessary speed for takeoff, hence impacting safety and operational efficiency.

Understanding the implications of overloading is crucial for maintaining safe flight operations and ensuring compliance with regulatory weight limits.