How is the aspect ratio of a wing calculated?

The aspect ratio of a wing is a critical parameter that describes the shape and efficiency of the wing in terms of its aerodynamic performance. It is calculated by taking the wingspan, which is the distance from tip to tip of the wing, and dividing it by the mean chord, which is the average width of the wing. This computation results in a dimensionless number that provides insight into how long and slender the wing is relative to its width.

A higher aspect ratio typically indicates a longer and narrower wing, which generally enhances aerodynamic efficiency, decreases induced drag, and improves lift-to-drag ratios. On the other hand, wings with lower aspect ratios tend to be shorter and wider, which may contribute to higher drag and different flight characteristics. Understanding aspect ratio is vital in aircraft design and performance analysis as it influences both flight dynamics and fuel efficiency.

Calculating the aspect ratio in this way allows engineers and pilots to quantify wing performance characteristics and make informed decisions about design modifications or operational strategies.